# Operators in Java – Complete Guide with Examples

Java operators are symbols that perform operations on variables and values. In this blog, we will understand each type of operator in Java with simple examples.

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## 1\. Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc.

| Operator | Description |
| --- | --- |
| + | Addition |
| \- | Subtraction |
| \* | Multiplication |
| / | Division |
| % | Modulus (remainder) |

### Example:

```java
public class ArithmeticExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 10;
        int b = 3;

        System.out.println("Addition: " + (a + b));
        System.out.println("Subtraction: " + (a - b));
        System.out.println("Multiplication: " + (a * b));
        System.out.println("Division: " + (a / b));
        System.out.println("Modulus: " + (a % b));
    }
}
```

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## 2\. Relational (Comparison) Operators

These operators compare two values and return a boolean result (true or false).

| Operator | Description |
| --- | --- |
| \== | Equal to |
| != | Not equal to |
| \> | Greater than |
| < | Less than |
| \>= | Greater than or equal |
| <= | Less than or equal |

### Example:

```java
public class RelationalExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 10;
        int b = 20;

        System.out.println(a == b);
        System.out.println(a != b);
        System.out.println(a > b);
        System.out.println(a < b);
        System.out.println(a >= b);
        System.out.println(a <= b);
    }
}
```

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## 3\. Logical Operators

Logical operators are used with boolean conditions.

| Operator | Description |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| && | Logical AND |  |  |
|  |  |  | Logical OR |
| ! | Logical NOT |  |  |

### Example:

```java
public class LogicalExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int age = 25;

        System.out.println(age > 18 && age < 30); // true
        System.out.println(age > 18 || age < 10); // true
        System.out.println(!(age > 18)); // false
    }
}
```

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## 4\. Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

| Operator | Example | Equivalent To |
| --- | --- | --- |
| \= | a = 5 | Assign |
| += | a += 5 | a = a + 5 |
| \-= | a -= 5 | a = a - 5 |
| \*= | a \*= 5 | a = a \* 5 |
| /= | a /= 5 | a = a / 5 |
| %= | a %= 5 | a = a % 5 |

### Example:

```java
public class AssignmentExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 10;

        a += 5;
        System.out.println(a);

        a -= 3;
        System.out.println(a);

        a *= 2;
        System.out.println(a);

        a /= 4;
        System.out.println(a);

        a %= 3;
        System.out.println(a);
    }
}
```

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## 5\. Increment and Decrement Operators

These operators increase or decrease the value by 1.

| Operator | Description |
| --- | --- |
| ++ | Increment |
| \-- | Decrement |

### Example:

```java
public class IncrementExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 5;

        System.out.println(a++); // Post-increment
        System.out.println(++a); // Pre-increment
        System.out.println(a--); // Post-decrement
        System.out.println(--a); // Pre-decrement
    }
}
```

**Difference:**

*   a++ → First use, then increase
    
*   ++a → First increase, then use
    

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## 6\. Ternary Operator

The ternary operator is a shortcut for if-else.

### Syntax:

```java
condition ? value_if_true : value_if_false;
```

### Example:

```java
public class TernaryExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 10;
        int b = 20;

        int max = (a > b) ? a : b;
        System.out.println("Maximum: " + max);
    }
}
```

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## 7\. Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators work on bits (binary values).

| Operator | Description |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| & | AND |  |
|  |  | OR |
| ^ | XOR |  |
| ~ | NOT |  |
| << | Left Shift |  |
| \>> | Right Shift |  |

### Example:

```java
public class BitwiseExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 5;  // 0101
        int b = 3;  // 0011

        System.out.println(a & b);
        System.out.println(a | b);
        System.out.println(a ^ b);
        System.out.println(~a);
        System.out.println(a << 1);
        System.out.println(a >> 1);
    }
}
```

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## Final Summary

| Operator Type | Operators |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Arithmetic | \+ - \* / % |  |  |
| Relational | \== != > < >= <= |  |  |
| Logical | && |  | ! |
| Assignment | \= += -= \*= /= %= |  |  |
| Increment/Decrement | ++ -- |  |  |
| Ternary | ? : |  |  |
| Bitwise | & | ^ ~ << >> |  |

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## Conclusion

Operators are the basic building blocks of Java programming. They help in performing mathematical operations, comparisons, logical decisions, and bit-level operations. Understanding operators is very important before moving to loops, conditions, and data structures in Java.

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